QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH WRITING PARTS AND SOME TIPS + SAMPLES [PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2]

 QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH WRITING PARTS AND SOME TIPS + SAMPLES [PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2]

[DISCLAIMER: I’m not expert into writing research papers. I would like to share only the knowledge that my instructor in SHS has taught me. Any copying or plagiarizing of this content is highly discouraged for we have the Intellectual Property Rights. ]

Tip # 1. Choose topics that you are interested.

Based from own experience, sobrang helpful kapag interested ka sa research na iyong ginagawa. Always know the problem na gusto mong mabigyan ng solution. The main points of having researches  are answering the problem, providing evidences, and suggesting solutions to it. 

( yung other tips hanapin nyo na lang dun sa Qualitative Research Writing Tips nakalagay na sa comment section yung link)

**I’ll be using my research paper on this. This is not abm-related kasi ‘di pa naman kami noon required na dapat abm related so ayun. Pang-best thesis sana ‘to kaso no ang sinagot namin sa last question during the defense kaya ayon  HAHAHAHAHA**

TITLE

 “factors affecting the strand and track choice and level of satisfaction of grade 11 students”

Dapat kita na agad ang independent at dependent variables sa iyong research title unlike sa qualitative na kahit anong style. Sa aming research title ang independent variables ay yung factors and the dependent variable ay yung level of satisfaction

Chapter I 

INTRODUCTION 

Problem and its Background

Dito ilalagay ang pinaka-idea ng inyong research paper. Ilalahad mo rito ang problema at kung bakit ito ang inyong napili. Nilalagyan ito ng legal basis (republic acts) para mas maging matibay ang inyong claims. Suggested number of pages: Minimum of 3 pages

Statement of the Problem 

This study aimed to examine the factors affecting the strand and track choice and level of satisfaction of grade 11 students at CHUCHU School. 

Specifically, this sought to answer the following question:

Minimum of 3 research questions. Pwede yung What questions pero since quantitative ito dapat may is there any significant difference/relationship or is there any correlation na sasagutin nyo through research instrument.

Statement of the Hypothesis  

In this study, the stated hypothesis is tested:  

Ho: There is no significant relationship between the level of influence of factors affecting the strand and track choice and level of satisfaction of student-respondents.

Null hypothesis lang ang ginagawan. Hindi kasama yung alternative hypothesis.

Significance of the Study

Ano ang kahalagahan ng inyong research paper at para kanino ito minimum of five persons are agency ang ginamit naming diyan ay Government agencies, School Heads, Teachers, Parents, Students, at syempre ang Future Researchers. 

Example:

Future Researchers. The result of this study will serve as a reference to those researchers who want to continue the aforementioned study. They can use it to gather further information for their entire work. The outcome of this study will help them to formulate ideas that can be used in conducting research paper. 

(naka bold dapat yung Future Researchers)

Scope and Delimitation of the Study  

The study basically concentrated on the factors affecting the strand and track choice and level of satisfaction of grade 11 students conducted on the second semester of school year 2017 - 2018 at CHUCHU SCHOOL. The said school is selected based mainly on the proximity of its location to the researchers and on the kind of strand and track that they offer. 

Factors affecting the strand and track choice like student-related factors, family-related factors, and socioeconomic factors and level of satisfaction were included in this study. Personal profile was not included in the list of factors with regard to this study.  

(nadiscuss ko na dun sa qualitative yung pinagkaiba ng delimitation at limitation. please also see Comment section)

Definition of Terms 

SAMPLE:

To avoid the occurrence of misinterpretation, the following terms used in this study were defined operationally. 

Factors Affecting Strand and Track Choice. These refers to the factors that contributed to the student’s strand and track choice like student-related factors, family-related factors, and socioeconomic factors. These are anticipated to affect the choice of the student. 

Level of Satisfaction. This refers to the feeling of being satisfied because of provision of what is needed or desired and base on how the factors affecting track and strand choice meet the students’ expectations.

**Only those words that are significant to the study may be included. HINDI ‘YAN PARAMIHAN 

Theoretical Framework 

SAMPLE:

Krumblotz’s Learning Theory of Career Counseling (LTCC) highlighted by Lancaster (2017) discusses that there is an infinite number of accumulated learning experiences determine one’s current occupational situation. Interest is developed based on personally enjoyable experiences. New beliefs are developed and changed based on new information that causes a reexamination of all beliefs. Also, values change as one acquires experiences and greater insight.  

The process of career development involves four factors. Genetic endowment and special abilities include inherited qualities that may set limits on the individual’s career opportunities. This may be physical, mental or special abilities. Next, environmental influences in terms of how it affects skill development, activities and career preferences. Then, learning experiences are learnings that is through direct observable results of actions and through the reactions of others. Lastly, task approach skills are skills that have been developed over time. These are often modified as a result of desirable and undesirable experiences. 

In relation with the present study, the aforesaid factors plays an indispensable role because these factors may be the reasons behind that influence in choosing they preferred track and strand like opportunities, abilities, environmental influences and learning experiences which will be an avenue for their success in the future.

Yung dalawang paragraph sa taas ay yung explanation ng theory na nakaparaphrase. Then, yung third paragraph is the explanation kung bakit related siya sa aming research. Mahirap makahanap ng theories na related sa inyong research paper kaya good luck HAHAHA

Conceptual Framework

Ang ginamit namin dito ay dalawang box tapos may arrow sa gitna. IV at DV yung name ng boxes. Hindi siya IPO. 

*****Yung Chapter II please check na lang sa isang post kasi same lang naman sila. Let’s proceed na sa Chapter 3****

Chapter III 

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 

This chapter contains the research design and the methodology used in the conduct of this study. It incorporates the sampling technique, sources of data, the research subjects, population of the study, the instrument utilized to gather data, as well as the statistical tools employed in processing the data. This chapter is showing how the researcher came to the necessary data for this study, and how these data were analyzed, interpreted and presented in the easiest way possible. Other details will include the role of researchers in the study and ethical considerations.

Research Design

The researchers make use of descriptive-correlational research design which is appropriate to realize the purpose and objectives of this study.  

Dudovskiy (2017) defined descriptive research as a statement of affairs as they are at present with the researcher having no control over variable. Moreover, descriptive research may be characterized as simply the attempt to determine, describe or identify what is, while analytical research attempts to establish why it is that way or how it came to be. Descriptive research is aimed at casting light on current issues or problems through a process of data collection that enables them to describe the situation more completely than was possible without employing this method.  

Descriptive research design was used to describe level of influence of the factors affecting strand and track choice in terms of student-related factors, family-related factors, and socioeconomic factors and the level of satisfaction of student-respondents. 

Carlson (2017) mentioned that correlation is defined as the relationship between two variables. The main purpose of using correlations in the research field is to find out which variables are connected to each other. In this way, a specific event is understood scientifically as a variable. 

Correlational research consists of looking for several variables that interact with each other, so when the change in one of them is evident, one can assume what the change will be in the other that is directly related to it.  

Correlational research design was applied to find out if there was a significant relationship between independent the level of influence of factors affecting the strand and track choice and dependent variable which is the level of satisfaction of student-respondents.      

***Basta yan yung design ng inyong research na gagawin. As you can read descriptive-correlational ginamit naming hehehe nasa inyo naman yan yung ano gusto nyo gamitin basta single po ako pm kung same HAHAHAHAHA***

Respondents of the Study 

The research respondents of this study were the 50 senior high school students from CHUCHU School this school year 2017 – 2018. They were randomly selected from a total population of 360. Only those senior high school students from STEM, ABM, HUMSS, GAS, and TVL Tracks who are selected randomly were considered as student-respondents.  

( opo 50 ang ginamit namin para raw mas maganda yung results wala kaming choice HAHAHAHAHAHA)

Sampling Technique

  As discussed by Burns and Bush (2012), simple random sampling is the best type probability sampling through which you can choose sample from a population. By means of pure chance selection, you can assure that every member of the population has the same opportunity to be in the sample. Here, the only basis of including or excluding a member is by chance or opportunity, not by any occurrence accounted for by cause-effect relationships.  

The researchers used the random sampling to make sure that samples were representatives of the target population. In order to get the sample size from the population, the researchers gathered a list of all members of the population; cut the names; put it into a five separate boxes representing each strand; and pick ten names on every boxes through a pure-chance selection

( bale humingi kami ng lists ng lahat ng grade 11 na students. Wala sa aming sports at arts design kaya wag kayo magreklamo HAHAHAHAH tapos ginupit naming siya lahat then bunot-bunot ganern)

Research Instrument  

The research instrument that was used in this study is a researcher-made survey questionnaire which is composed of two parts.  

Part one focused on the level of influence of the factors affecting the strand and track choice in terms of student-related factors, family-related factors, and socioeconomic factors composed of twenty-four (24) items for the three variables.  

Part two dealt on the level of satisfaction of student-respondents.

***Gumawa kami ng research instrument hahaha sobrang dami talagang pula nung drafts naming magkakaklase nung time na yan. Kasi siya yung crucial kung magiging okay ba yung result ng paper nyo o hindi kaya ayun.***

Scaling and Quantification

 To describe the level of influence of factors affecting the strand and track choice, a 5-point scale was used. 

***Ganito siya nakatable tapos tatlong columns numerical value, statistical limit, and verbal interpretation. Tapos may mga range ang hirap iexplain kasi pinagaya lang naman sa amin nung aming teacher. Tanong nyo na lang sa kanila. 

Data Gathering Procedure 

With proper endorsement from the senior high school coordinator, permission to conduct the study was sought from the Assistant Principal II of CHUCHU School. 

Upon the approval of request, the researchers selected the student-respondents. After identifying the student-respondents, the researchers, in coordination with the teachers of the aforementioned school gathered the student-respondents for the administration of the research instrument. 

Prior to the administration of the questionnaires, the researchers secured informed consent from the student-respondents. 

 The researchers oriented the student-respondents on the features and objectives of the questionnaire and personally administered the survey to assist them in answering it, to address immediately any clarificatory questions, and to avoid problems in the retrieval of the questionnaires. The data obtained were held strictly confidential.

***Self-explanatory na ‘yan. I won’t discuss it more.

Statistical Treatment of Data 

The data gathered in this study were subjected to statistical analysis. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were utilized.

The descriptive statistical tools include: 

Weighted Mean.  It was utilized to determine the mean perception of the studentrespondents on l level of influence of the factors affecting the strand and track choice in terms of student-related factors, family-related factors, and socioeconomic factors.   

Frequency and Percentage.  They were used to interpret the level of satisfaction of the student-respondents

Pearson’s Product - Moment Correlation Coefficient.  It determined which of the variables in the study predicted the level of influence of factors affecting strand and track choice and level of satisfaction among student-respondents

***Bale yan after meaning meron nakalagay na mga formula tapos yung mga inarepresent ng formula na yun.

***Yung Chapter 4 at 5 same lang dun sa nauna.***

Yung sa chapter 4 namin diba sa research instrument na scaling and quantification gumawa kami ng table nun tapos may mga mean at yung verbal interpretation nya per number. So yung isang research question may 8 siyang items tapos nakatotal din siya then yung weighted mean. Ang medyo mahirap lang na idiscuss na part ayt yung correlation analysis. Gumit pa kami ng Statistical Package for Social Sciences o yung SPSS para lang ma-make sure na tama ang computation naming. Ganito yung sample

Imagine nyo may table then explanation

***Ito ay for socio-economic factors sa mga factors ang ginamit naming ay weighted mean

Table 1.3 deals with the mean perception of the student-respondents on the level of influence of socioeconomic factors. 

The table shows that item two (2) obtained the highest mean of 3.72 described as strong influence. This denotes that the students’ basis in choosing their strand and track is to generate high income. In contrast, item eight (8) recorded the lowest mean of 2.42 described as weak influence. Though placed at the last rank, the fact cannot be denied that the teachers promote the strand and track that could give an impact to the students that would lead to successful life.

  Items related to the level of influence of socioeconomic factors garnered the overall mean of 3.10 described as moderate influence. This implies that lot of job opportunities, high paying jobs, in demand jobs, career guidance, inspirations and teachers influence the strand and track preference of the student.  

This end result is indeed related to the study that conducted by Su et. al. (2016) revealed that students’ career decision-making is most deeply affected by personal factor, next are group factor and career exploration factor, and school factor has the lowest affecting level to them. In addition, it involves the socioeconomic factors like teacher expectation and peer influence, where students with taking household affairs courses whose affecting level of school factors overall and peer influence for their career decision-making will be higher than students with taking industrial courses; students of medium/large-sized schools whose affecting level of teacher expectation will be greater than students of medium-sized schools.

*** level of influence ang ginamit dito ay frequency and percentage

Table 2 presents the student-respondents’ level of satisfaction labelled as very satisfied with an overall mean of 84.06. 

The results show that 33 or 66% of the respondents are very satisfied to their preferred strand and track. Relative to this, it is assumed that they contented and do not regret their decision. Meanwhile, out of 50 respondents, only 17 or 34% of them are somewhat satisfied. It is supposed that they comfortable on their strand and track choice. 

The overall mean of 84.06 level of satisfaction that students are fulfilled and satisfied to their strand and track. Since the students are very satisfied, it is assumed that they can perform well and do the task and activities satisfactorily. 

The result is related to Holland’s Theory of Career Choice discussed by Nauta (2010) suggested that people can function and develop best and find jobs satisfaction in work environments that are compatible with their personalities. People tend to choose a career that is reflective of their personality. Holland suggested that the closer the match of personality to job, the greater the satisfaction. Holland’s theory places emphasis on the accuracy of self-knowledge and career information necessary for career decision making.   

*** dito naman sa corretational analysis ay yung pearson’s r

Table 3 presents with correlational analysis between level of influence of the factors affecting strand and track choice and the level of satisfaction. 

When factors affecting strand and track choice are linked with the results in level of satisfaction, student-related factors, family-related factors, and socioeconomic factors was identified to have significant relationship. Based from the table, student-related factors exhibited moderate positive correlation as indicated by computed R-value of 0.547. The rejection of null hypothesis of no significant relationship just explained by the p-value which is less than the critical value at the 0.05 level of significance (0.000 < 0.05). Therefore, there exist significant relationship between student-related factors and the level of satisfaction of grade 11 students in CHUCHU School. This supports the claim of Japitan et. al (2015) which exposed that the students are influenced by the area of personality factors, fitting the personality to career is the leading factor.  

With regard to family-related factors, exhibited weak positive correlation as indicated by computed R-value of 0.359. The rejection of null hypothesis of no significant relationship just explained by the p-value which is less than the critical value at the 0.05 level of significance (0.010 < 0.05). Therefore, there exist significant relationship between family-related factors and the level of satisfaction of grade 11 students in CHUCHU School. The said finding conforms to the study of Saysay (2011) that revealed Filipino immigrants and non-immigrants rely heavily on their families’ decision-making. Students cope by following their parents’ advice.  They also have to cope with an expectation of financially supporting the family upon completing their education. 

Meanwhile, the socioeconomic factors demonstrated weak positive correlation as indicated by computed R-value of 0.316. The rejection of null hypothesis of no significant relationship just explained by the p-value which is less than the critical value at the 0.05 level of significance (0.026 < 0.05). Therefore, there exist significant relationship between socioeconomic factors and the level of satisfaction of grade 11 students in CHUCHU National High School. The said result supports the article of Martin (2013) which disclosed that external influences that help to shape an individual’s career choice are also influenced by significant others through social support from peers. People around contribute a lot in one’s decision-making. Friends may influence an individual choice of career. Individual interest may be affected by peers for the reason that one wants to be with them in fulfilling dreams or a certain career. Classmates also play an important role in the formation of student’s achievement, related beliefs and values, even if these classmates do not always correspond with the peer group of leisure-time friends.

Sana may natutunan kayo. If you need help, approach your research advisers. Again, bukod-bukod ng style per school at ganyan sa amin, nasa inyo na ‘iyan kung gagayahain nyo or what pero rest assured na hindi ko ipamimigay ang aming research paper. 🤪Good luck!!!

—John Lester Manuba